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　　(B) they are likely to have

　　(C) the country will probably have

　　(D) there will probably be

　　(E) there will be an estimated

　　(A) it指代对象错误，在本选项中it指代population，而原意应该指代India;what is estimated as的表达方式��嗦，而且与probably意思上有重复，被动语态也不能清楚地表达施动对象，要慎用;estimate用作动词“估计，估算”时后面常跟介词at，而不是as，estimate sth (at sth)。

　　(B) they没有指代对象。

　　(C)正确，probably简洁地表达了“可能”的意思。

　　(D) there be结构无法与未划线部分句子的and surpass连接。

　　(E) 原因与D选项相同。

　　17. It was only after Katharine Graham became publisher of The Washington Post in 1963 that it moved into the first rank of American newspapers, and it was under her command that the paper won high praise for its unrelenting reporting of the Watergate scandal.

　　(A) It was only after Katharine Graham became publisher of The Washington Post in 1963 that it moved into the first rank of American newspapers, and it was under her command that the paper won high praise

　　(B) It was only after Katharine Graham's becoming publisher of The Washington Post in 1963 that it moved into the first rank of American newspapers, and under her command it had won high praise

　　(C) Katharine Graham became publisher of The Washington Post in 1963, and only after that did it move into the first rank of American newspapers, having won high praise under her command

　　(D) Moving into the first rank of American newspapers only after Katharine Graham became its publisher in 1963, The Washington Post, winning high praise under her command

　　(E) Moving into the first rank of American newspapers only after Katharine Graham's becoming its publisher in 1963, The Washington Post won high praise under her command

　　(A)正确，由and连接的两个并列的强调句，注意此处两个并列结构中的it不是形式主语，而是强调结构中的it。

　　(B) Katharine Graham’s becoming的表达方式不及直接用谓语动词的表达方式更简洁有效;and连接的两个句子不平行，前者是强调句，后者不是。

　　(C) that指代错误，因为代词that只能指代名词，而在此句中要表达的意思是after became…，需要指代动词became;句尾的现在分词结构having won high praise under her command有就近修饰名词American newspapers的歧义。

　　(D)句子主语是The Washington Post，由句首的现在分词状语结构moving into…修饰，句尾的winning high praise under her command也是现在分词结构，作定语修饰主语，整个句子缺少谓语。

　　(E) Katharine Graham’s becoming的表达方式不及直接用谓语动词的表达方式更简洁有效。

　　18. When the temperature of a gas is increased, it is either accompanied by an increase in pressure if the gas is enclosed in a container, or an increase in volume if the gas is able to expand.

　　(A) When the temperature of a gas is increased, it is either accompanied by an increase in

　　

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　　pressure if the gas is enclosed in a container, or

　　(B) When the temperature of a gas is increased, it is accompanied either by an increase in pressure if it is enclosed in a container or

　　(C) When the temperature of a gas is increased, the increase is either accompanied by an increase in pressure if the gas is enclosed in a container or by

　　(D) Any increase in the temperature of a gas is either accompanied by an increase in pressure if it is enclosed in a container, or by

　　(E) Any increase in the temperature of a gas is accompanied either by an increase in pressure if the gas is enclosed in a container or by

　　(A) either… or…连接的对象不对称;it错误地指代temperature，不符合逻辑。

　　(B) either… or…连接的对象不对称;it错误地指代temperature，不符合逻辑

　　(C) either… or…连接的对象不对称，accompanied应该置于either前面;when… is increased, the increase两次increase的重复使句子变得��嗦，没有必要用when引导状语从句。

　　(D) either… or…连接的对象不对称，accompanied应该置于either前面;it错误地指代increase，应该指代gas。

　　(E)正确，either… or…连接并列的介词短语。

　　19. Surveys have shown that in up to 40 percent of elderly people living independently in affluent countries, the consumption of one or more essential nutrients is insufficient or they have deficient levels of these nutrients in their blood.

　　(A) in up to 40 percent of elderly people living independently in affluent countries, the consumption of one or more essential nutrients is insufficient or they have

　　(B) in up to 40 percent of elderly people who live independently in affluent countries, they consume one or more essential nutrients insufficiently or have

　　(C) in up to 40 percent of elderly people who live independently in affluent countries, one or more essential nutrients are consumed insufficiently or having

　　(D) up to 40 percent of elderly people living independently in affluent countries who consume insufficient amounts of one or more essential nutrients or who have

　　(E) up to 40 percent of elderly people who live independently in affluent countries consume insufficient amounts of one or more essential nutrients or have

　　(A) they的指代对象错误;or连接的并列结构不平行。

　　(B) they的指代对象不清楚;副词insufficiently修饰动词consume，与原句形容词insufficient修饰对象不同，改变了原句要表达的意思。

　　(C)被动语态的表达方式不清楚，没有说明施动对象;or having没有平行对象，因为前面是are consumed。

　　(D) who引导的并列定语从句错误地修饰紧临的名词countries。

　　(E) 正确，宾语从句谓语结构是elderly people consume or have，who引导定语从句修饰主语

　　20. The computer company registered a $16 million net loss for the year, largely because it was profitable only overseas, where much of their profits were used for paying higher taxes, while continuing to lose money in North America.

　　(A) where much of their profits were used for paying higher taxes, while continuing

　　

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　　(B) where much of their profits went to pay higher taxes, as they continued

　　(C) where much of its profit went to pay higher taxes, while it continued

　　(D) with much of their profits going to pay higher taxes, while continuing

　　(E) with much of the profit used for paying higher taxes, as it continued

　　(A) their指代单数名词company错误;表示状态的动词continue不能用现在进行时态;be used for paying名词形式不如动词形式更简洁有效。

　　(B) their和they指代单数名词company错误;as作连词表示“当…时，随着”，改变了原句要表达“然而”的转折对比含义。

　　(C)正确，关系副词where引导定语从句修饰名词overseas，went to pay…清楚地表达了profit的用途，while it continued表达了转折对比关系。

　　(D) with… +现在分词结构不能清楚地表达与overseas的关系;表示状态的动词continue不能用现在进行时态。

　　(E) with…+过去分词结构不能清楚地表达与overseas的关系;as作连词表示“当…时，随着”，改变了原句要表达“然而”的转折对比含义;be used for paying名词形式不如动词形式更简洁有效.

　　

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　　修饰

　　1.修饰种类

　　1) 形容词与副词

　　2) 名词修饰语

　　3) 名词修饰语的位置

　　4) 所有格

　　5) 含关系代词的名词修饰语

　　6) 必要与非必要的名词修饰语

　　7) 动词修饰语

　　8) WHICH 与现在分词- ING

　　2. 修饰定义

　　修饰语描述在句子中的某人或某物。虽然修饰语可以简单到只有一个单词(形容词或副词)，但 GMAT 考试的句子 往往包含一些复杂的修饰语。

　　Example: Tired out from playing computer games Cain decided to take a nap.

　　修饰语 Tired out from playing computer games 修饰名词Cain. 留心观察出现在句首的修饰语你会发现在上面 的例子中 tired out from playing computer games 作为前置修饰语被句中的逗号隔开了。

　　提示：修饰语通常被句子中的逗号隔开

　　修饰一： 形容词和副词

　　形容词和副词是一个词的修饰语。形容词只修修饰一个名词或代词，而副词修饰几乎所有除名词或代词外。副词常常修饰动词，但它也可以形容一个形容词，其他副词，介词，短语，甚至是整个子句。

　　Example： The SMART car runs slowly.

　　例句中的形容词 SMART 用来修饰名词 car，而副词 slowly 则用来修饰动词 runs。很多副词是由形容词加-ly 组成的。反之亦然。 注意形容词(非副词)用在连接动词之后，如 feel。 这些形容词不是用来修饰副词而是用来确定 一个名词主语的性质的。下面所有的例句都是语法上正确的，尽管它们在句意上是不同的。

　　Examples:

　　Cain is a good person. (Good is an adjective that modifies the noun person.)

　　Cain is feeling good. (Good is an adjective that modifies the noun Cain.)

　　Cain is feeling well. (Well is an adjective that modifies the noun Cain)

　　Cain writes well (well is an adverb that modifies the verb writes.)

　　通常情况下,GMAT 考试提供两个语法正确的表达.例如,一个表达可能是[形容词+形容词+名词],其中的两个形容词都 修饰该名词.其他表达会是[副词+形容词+名词],副词修饰形容词,而